What do you call the rights that pertain specifically to the land's surface area and all improvements on it?

The rights that pertain specifically to the land's surface area and all improvements on it are known as Surface Rights. This term encompasses the ownership and control of the land itself, including any structures, vegetation, and other developments on the surface. Surface Rights provide the property owner with the authority to use, modify, or sell the surface of the land as they see fit, following local laws and regulations.

The other choices do not accurately describe this concept. For instance, "Land Rights" is a more general term that can refer to various rights associated with landownership, including subsurface rights or air rights. "Surface Property Rights" may seem relevant but is not a standard term used in real estate. "Above Ground Rights" could imply rights related to structures or objects above the land but lacks the specificity of addressing the land’s surface and improvements directly. Therefore, Surface Rights is the most precise terminology for these specific ownership rights.