Which type of rights may restrict a landowner's use of their property due to the presence of water bodies?

Water rights are the correct choice in this context because they specifically pertain to a landowner's legal entitlement to use water bodies that are adjacent to or within their property. In many jurisdictions, including Virginia, water rights can significantly influence how a landowner can use their property. For example, if a property has a river or lake on it, the owner may have certain rights to use that water for irrigation, fishing, or recreational purposes, but those rights can also be subject to regulation and restrictions based on environmental laws, water conservation measures, or the rights of others who have access to that water source.

The other options represent different types of rights that do not specifically address the influence of water bodies on property use. Surface rights refer to ownership or usage of the land's surface, air rights concern the space above the land, and subsurface rights deal with resources below the surface, such as minerals or oil. While these rights can be significant in their own contexts, they do not directly restrict land use based on the presence of water bodies.